Mistake On Contract Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mistake On Contract Law - Case Study Example As a landmark decision, Great Peace has been observed by various other sources as the final arbiter of the confusion that arose out of the Solle case. The essay will cite various sources that share a common observation of the impact that Great Peace has on contractual law, particularly on the disposition of issues relating to mutual mistake. Before proceeding to establish a position relative to the statement under scrutiny, it is essential to first understand, in the proper context, the "mistake" being alluded to as the core of the case in point. When parties enter into a contract, it is with the understanding that both sides understood what they were contracting about. However, there are instances when an incorrect belief as to a matter relevant to that contract gives rise to a situation wherein one party was mistaken but the other was not. This is referred to as unilateral mistakes and generally will not void a contract in the absence of vitiation of consent through fraud or delibe rate misrepresentation. Nevertheless, there are situations where the mistake is suffered by both contracting parties. In this situation, there are 2 types of mistakes recognized, common mistake and mutual mistake, although the two can sometimes be used interchangeably. Strictly speaking, there is the common mistake when both parties essentially make the same false and fundamental assumption of a fact. It is the opinion of some commentators that this does not necessarily render the contract void. However, if the common mistake relates to the existence of the subject matter of the contract such that it either does not exist or has ceased to exist without the knowledge of the parties, then the contract is void. Even under these circumstances, the contract will not be automatically voided if a) there was a warranty by one party, b) misrepresentation of the existence of the subject matter by one party, c) if one party assumed the risk of the existence of the subject matter and d) when th ere exists an overlap between the doctrine of mistake and the doctrine of implied terms.1 The mutual mistake happens when both parties misunderstand each other's intentions and are at cross-purposes. Compared to common mistake, here the parties do not actually make the same mistake but are proceeding on different assumptions. Ordinarily, this mistake will void a contract because it negatives consent. However, it has been argued that if by the behaviour or conduct of one party the other party is led to believe that the former was agreeing to the terms proposed by the latter, then the mistake will not necessarily be a ground to void the contract despite their obvious disagreement as to the purposes for such contract. Applying the above considerations to the Great Peace case, there was a common mistake which related to the misapprehension by both parties of the close proximity of their respective ships to one another on the basis of the information that was relayed to them by a third p arty. Consequential to this erroneous information, both parties proceeded to perfect the contract to avail of the service of Great Peace for a minimum of 5 days to stand-post for assistance in case of any untoward incident that was then most likely to occur to the casualty ship Cape Providence.

GNU Public License and its Role Essay Example for Free

GNU Public License and its Role Essay The LINUX software and other products are restricted with a License or patents to keep individual from altering or modifying the software. Developers usually release their software programs the way they think it best suit the potential business owner or users. The General Public License (GNU) role is to ensure when new software is released that it remains free to everyone to use as they please. The GNU role is to remove any software that has no source code. The parts that do not contain a source code are called binary blob and firmware generally redistributable, do not give the user the freedom to modify or study them. General Public License know as (GNU) General Public License was created by Richard M. Stallman in 1970 when he was a programmer at MIT’s Artificial Intelligence lab. The General Public License (GNU/ GPL) is a copy left license for software and other kinds of work that are free to the public The General Public License is the most popular free and open source software (FOSS) license today. According to Ronald free software and open source are often interchangeably used (and the respective movements share many common goals (2006). The General Public License purpose is to guarantee individual or developers the freedom to share and alter any version of a program to ensure it remains free and available to every individual. The General Public License is used by the Free Software Foundation( FSF), for most of their software programs; it also applies to other work made public by the author. Free software refer to political movement while open source refer to software development method ology. When talking about free software program it is speaking of freedom not an amount of money. The General Public License were created to assure that people have the freedom to hand out copies of software and make a profit for  them if you desire. When an individual receive a source code the GNU allow the individual to change the software or use part of it in newer free programs and know you can do these things. The GNU protects individual right with two steps that are assert copyright of the software and offers license that gives legal permission to copy, distribute, or modify it. The GNU monitor individual that want to go in a different direction. This means that contrast, individuals, groups an or organization offers software and other work to the public with access for modification and distribution. LINUX type across the computer world was changed by individuals across the computer world and when this was done the changes made it more efficient. The role of GNU is to allow individu al to run a program for any purpose and also personalize each one as their own. . Reference Ronald J. Mann, Commercializing Open Source Software: Do Property Right Still Matter?, 20 HARV. J. LAW TECH. 1, 11 (2006) Tsai, J. (2008). FOR BETTER OR WORSE: INTRODUCING THE GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE VERSION 3. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, 23(1), 547-581

Incorporating Student Voices into Education Systems

Incorporating Student Voices into Education Systems â€Å"†¦language is the primary technology of communication.† Winch et al., 2004 6.1 Introduction to the Discussion This chapter uses its space to develop some of the issues raised by the research that has gone into the dissertation. If it is contentious, it is in order to ask questions about issues where the answers are not yet available, and develop a deeper understanding of the concepts. This includes: the reality of Student Voice as a supported and integrated concept, rather than as a manipulated concept for integration the validation of alternative education as an ideal place for Student Voice the questions of Partnerships and how this is being politically channelled whilst not perhaps given the strength of foundation it deserves and needs 6.2 Student Voice: Integration for Learning or Integration for Policy As the dissertation showed, there are strong theoretical underpinnings for the value of incorporating Student Voice into educational systems, especially when seen in a constructivist light. The surprise is that it has taken so long. However, the study has also shown that it is not always as easy as anticipated to re-format a school’s approach. There are worries and concerns surrounding the actual reality of adapting an existing system to incorporate Student Voice. There are the teachers concerns of devaluing learning at the cost of social development. There are fears about loosing control and upsetting the status quo. On the other hand, there are also those who embrace the concepts of freedom of learning choice and student contribution. As Martin, Worral, and Dutson-Steinfeld (2005) put it, it is now too late to put the lid back on Pandora’s Box. The danger is that the tide may follow the easiest path, rather than listening to the voices that are more difficult to hear. Cruddass (2001) argued that these voices may have the greatest contribution to make. After all, if Student Voice is a method of integration, it is surely fairly pointless directing it towards those who already have their avenues for communication and are well entrenched within the system, when those just outside need to be provided with a way in. It perhaps reflects some of the cultural values when it comes to who the system wants to provide a voice for and who it does not. For the Westernised education systems, changes in the socio-economic climates have brought about a: shifting balance of power, caused by information and communications technology and learners access to alternative sources of knowledge, reduced public funding, globalisation and commercial imperatives. Latchem Hanna 2001, p. 1 One could perhaps add that as the public funding has gone down, the gap has been filled by an incremental increase in policy documentation and political rhetoric. It seems that the onus is put on the schools to follow the recommendations, and increasingly to fund these demands themselves. That aside, listening to young learners, and understanding what they are communicating has most probably been a part of the repertoire of what Haberman (1995) termed star teachers long before it become encapsulated in documentation. The discussion is whether the value put on Student Voice is a passing phase or is getting the attention it so richly deserves. 6.3 Alternative Education and Student Voice This section of the discussion returns to the use of an environmental education format as a means of combining positive communication strategies through the use of different formats, such as a conservation park and school. It has taken some time for alternative educational formats to receive official consideration, and this has demanded a considerable change in mind set. For example, as more people have come to understand the necessity for a complete change with regard to the place of humans in the environment, the ideals of education driven by sustainability have become less the realm of extremists and more the essentials for good sense. If one were to take this a step further, a developed form of education such as that potentially offered by the Park could become less of an alternative, and more of a mainstream consideration. This is one reason that this dissertation has explored the environment as a means of generating attitudes and ‘raising voices’, rather than a que stioning of knowledge gained through the Activate Programs. Using the Park as the example, this study found that the Activate Programs were effective in communicating a positive attitude towards each other based on involvement with a specific environment. Rather than a sense of environmental consideration, there was a sense of connection amongst students to the Park. Although environmental knowledge was not measured, the results of working in the environment contributed to the Observational sections that informed some of this dissertation showed changes in awareness. One of the important factors was the ‘culture’ of familiarity that developed amongst those students who were regulars on the Activate programs. They developed a better understanding of the Park and knew more what to expect when they visited. This meant they not only had different expectations that those less familiar with the Park, but that they started to show a leadership and peer attitude that supported the Activate ethic. This working in the environment system, when designed carefully and driven by the right personalities, appears to strongly support the idea of a more mainstream approach to an ‘outdoor classroom’. This ‘culture of communication’, as it could be called, aims to be enabling and empowering for students. It not only encourages positive connections to develop between the students and the environment, it also gives them practical opportunities to see what they can do. This is a vitally important point for students from schools where they are all too often given information, but have no way of acting upon it in a positive and constructive way. In the Park, there is the combination of Student Voice as an over-current to the Activate activities. For example, the Lion group consists of some very challenging students who would not normally co-operate together. Yet at the Park, as the following quote shows, they do. There is a continual level of communication that seems to equate to a very different reality to the one found at school: It is very encouraging to see some of our students in this program and then see how different they are in their behaviour and attitude back in a classroom/school setting. In the classroom they can be the disruptive/troubled student and yet at the Park these same students have been the Leaders and are willing to help/show and guide new/younger student of this group. At the beginning of our program we had a hard, troubled group but as time evolved they have built relationships and furthered skills they didnt know they had. Teacher Interview 2006 Expectations were integrated with communication. Where there was insufficient communication between the Park and school staff, false expectations could be generated and this was an area that needed tightening up as it could lead to confusion. However, the outcomes for attitude have been predominantly positive. Not one teacher, student, parent or support staff wanted to see the programs stop and the majority like them as they are. 6.4 Does Parent Partnership’s Help Thanks to the SEN and Disability Act (DfES 2001), parents and carers now have avenues that will help them find out the options available for their SEN child. Parent Partnership Services (PPS) (see e.g. Worcestershire County Council’s online Parent Partnership Service) are designed to deliver statutory rights including: ..information, advice and guidance on SEN matters to allow them to make informed decisions about their child’s education. PPS can also help prevent difficulties from developing into disagreements. Rogers et al. 2006, p. 1 There are obvious advantages to a partnership approach (Roger et al.2006: Wolfendale 2002: Wolfendale Cook 1997). It enables a more holistic approach to the students’ whole learning experience and thereby includes their social and emotional status as well as the environmental and cognitive. But, as Rogers et al. (2006) show in their assessment of PPS, the methodology of integrating PPS still needs work and is highly variable. With regard to this dissertation, the discussion focuses on the positive contribution of parents and carers when they are involved with the student’s education at school whilst stopping short of advocating that teacher’s lesson plans be available to parents: Schools should make information available to parents on what they can expect from schools and individual pupils’ progress. This might include access to lesson plans and learning materials and should be available as and when parents want to access it. DfES 2006b, p. 24 If the goal is that of the ‘personalised learning’ (DfES 2006) currently advocated, with all it’s emphasis on partnership, then it may well be that teachers will have to re-evaluate what their planning is for. It would seem entirely acceptable, in deed necessary, for parents and carers involved in this partnership approach to be well acquainted with what is about to be taught. yet this sounds more and more like sending the parents back to school themselves. Perhaps the ideal is a school planning document that outlines the curriculum content and its anticipated coverage, subject to curriculum changes of course, that is specifically prepared for community involvement. The fact that Partnership is being advocated above Student Voice perhaps suggests that one format is easier to manage politically than the other. In fact, the following DfES (2006b) Figure 4 shows that pupil voice is more an element of learning an a cognitive descriptive than a part of all-round learni ng. These are just three of the issues put forward for discussion and it is anticipated that much more work will be done on these in the future. 7 CONCLUSION This study has been a learning journey in itself. The first thing the study demanded was learning to listen properly to students and not interpret what they were saying by my own standards. The added dimension of the zoological park provided a fascinating contrast with student’s styles and types of communication and how they changed at school and at the Park. The following is a brief summary of where we are now and what needs to be considered in the future. We now know that a democratic system equips students better, be they in a special school or mainstream, for a post educational reality. Part of this democratic system involves the right to speak on one’s own behalf and have one’s view listened to and, when appropriate, acted up. At its best, Student Voice works as a means of holistically integrating students in their education. Whilst Student Voice motivates, it also allows and encourages students to take responsibility for their learning. The dissertation has shown that this works at a variety of levels. In the classroom, the study identified some of the strong links between student intrinsic motivation and the power of choice. Where the student is involved in selection and method of learning, they are more likely to become and remain enthusiastic. It should go without saying that it is equally important for SEN students to have these same rights, even if the means of communication are different. This means official su pport (i.e. funding) is necessary for schools to be able to resource themselves sufficiently to cater for all Student Voices. As discussed, this issue of funding is a particularly thorny one and seems to get hidden beneath the shifting sands of politics, covered with a blanket of rhetoric and Government sponsored research. However, it is a step along the way towards changing ‘mind sets’ towards Student Voice. There is also the issue of teacher attitudes. Many teachers are more used to being heard and less familiar with the type of listening Student Voice requires. Some find it hard to validate student opinion. Despite all the research done into Student Voice, and the obviously better ‘fit’ it makes in contemporary society, there are still those who are frightened by the change in the status quo, or who’s training has not encompassed this, or who resent more official requirements. In fact, in a contemporary, humanistic and individualised paradigm, it seems increasingly strange that choice as a concept does not underpin the UK educational system. Therefore, one of the recommendations for the future has to more professional development for those teachers that need it. Teacher training itself is constantly subject to change and has the challenge of both preparing students for the reality of working in schools and establishing the current pedagogic approach. For example, it may be hard for a new teacher with a passion for listening to students to adapt to work in a more traditional school setting. With regard to settings, the dissertation showed that location and environment have a distinct impact on students. This led to the design of a new school which combined both the in-class educational formats and the outdoors activities, be those agricultural, environmental, or simply outside. In summary, the future of Student Voice and its best use in the UK educational system needs to take into consideration: Teacher training and continued support for new and existing teachers through professional development. Make the formats for student voice more user-friendly and introduce them professionally – do not expect all schools to be able to adapt their format automatically. Finance and long term support. What lies before us and what lies behind us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us. Oliver Windell Holmes

The Alternative Energy Source to Oil Essay -- Renewable Energy Solar P

The Alternative Energy Source to Oil Introduction 1.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Renewable Energy† is the term used to describe those energy flows that occur naturally and repeatedly in the environment, e.g. from the sun, wind and the oceans, and from plants and the fall of water. It also refers to the energy available from wastes and to the emerging clean technology of fuel cells. There are wide ranges of renewable energy sources/technologies, varying in technical and commercial viability. These include: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Solar Power (Photovoltaic) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hydro – electric Power †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hydrogen Fuel Cells †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Geothermal †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wind Power †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nuclear Power 1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The modern drive to harness renewable energy began in the 1970’s. It was promoted by concerns over the price and availability of fossil fuels – oil, gas, and coal. Fossil fuels are finite – only coal is predicted to be available in significant quantities at the end of the 21st century at current rates of consumption. Using fossil fuels to generate electricity also produces pollutants, which can lead to environmental problems (such as acid rain and the â€Å"greenhouse effect†). By contrast, renewable energy produces few, if any, harmful emissions. Exploiting renewable, which at present meet over 2% of the UK’s electricity needs, also reduces the rate at which other energy resources are used up. With the world’s population continuing to grow, renewable energy promises to play an increasingly significant role in the future. 1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The estimated oil reserves in the Earth’s crust are about 1 trillion barrels. Oil consumption is at 25 billion barrels per year and increasing at 1.5% per year. At current rates of consumption, measured against known reserves, there is only a 30-year supply of oil in the Earth’s crust. Even if the reserve estimate were doubled, it is a moral imperative that the population takes immediate action to develop a sustainable energy economy. Solar Energy 2.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second. The process creates heat and electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infra-red light, and ultra-violet radiation) streams out into space i... ..., such as natural gas. Practical fuel cell systems are therefore likely to include a fuel processor, which generates hydrogen from hydrocarbons. There are a number of types of fuel cells currently the focus of development work: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alkaline fuel cells – AFC †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Direct methanol fuel cells – DMFC †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Molten carbonate fuel cells – MCFC †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Phosphoric acid fuel cells – PAFC †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Proton exchange membrane fuel cells – PEM †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Regenerative fuel cells – RFC †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Solid oxide fuel cells – SOFC 3.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fuels cells are inherently clean and efficient and are uniquely able to address the issues of energy security and environmental degradation. Now market experience is showing that the technology provides a range of critical benefits that no other single power generation technology can match. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fuel cells are quiet and reliable with no moving parts. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They produce no emissions (other than water) when using pure hydrogen and very light emissions when using hydrocarbon or alcohol fuel. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They are extremely efficient compared to conventional means of generating electricity typically 40 – 50%. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PEM fuel cells have a very low operating temperature

Capstone Analysis

Cybercafà © Is defined as any crime that Is conducted Vela the Internet or another computer network. When It comes to cybercafà © It Is very easy for someone to fall volt to It. We use computers for everything: searching the Internet, shopping. Accessing our bank accounts, email, and online gaming are some examples. Communication is faster and much more reliable than in the past which has allowed more to be accomplished in any given day.The problem is just like anything else: vulnerability. There are individuals that hack into computers as well as networks of businesses and government agencies. The problem is that sensitive data can be stolen and/or destroyed. There needs to be more focus on the security of computers and the internet. Regular stories featured in the media on computer crime include topics covering hacking to viruses, web hackers, to internet pedophilia, sometimes accurately portraying events, sometimes misconceiving the role of technology in such activities.The incr ease in cybercafà © has been documented in the news media. Both the increase in the incidence of criminal activity and the possible emergence of new varieties of criminal activity pose challenges for the legal system, as well as for law enforcement. Some of the things I do to try and prevent falling victim to cybercafà © is keeping the latest version of virus software on my computers. Using strong passwords that only my family knows. I do not fall prey to online offers of things like ere TV's, or you have won $1,000.In general, I feel that in this day and age you really need to be aware of your surrounding and that also includes the cyber world. By Sabina-Fazing Cybercafà © is defined as any crime that is conducted via the Internet or another computer network. When it comes to cybercafà © it is very easy for someone to fall victim to it. We use computers for everything; searching the internet, shopping, more to be accomplished in any given day. The problem is Just like anything else;

Discuss Christian Views on Contraception, Marriage and Divorce Essay

Explain Christian beliefs about contraception (6) Christians believe that God created humans and that humans should ‘grow in population’ and so therefore they should reproduce naturally and grow in numbers. The Roman Catholic church believes that contraception is immoral and wrong since they regard it as artificial and unnatural since it prevents new life and this is not what God intended humans to do. God wants use to be ‘fruitful and increase in number’ they believe that sex should not carried out with no intention to create new life. Christians believe that God made most humans fertile since God has destined for use to create new life; God has planned our life even before we were born and so some Christians believe we should not interfere with God’s plan by using artificial means. The Catholic Church believes the use of contraception is sinful. Yet in today’s society, some Catholics believe that it is important to believe in our conscience and so contraception may be acceptable. This is particularly the case, were The Church of England are not against the use of contraception as it allows a couple to think about when to actually have a child and so contraception results in the child actually being wanted and loved since we should ‘love thy neighbour’. Both churches agree that contraception is acceptable if it protects the health of the couple, i.e. it stops the prevention of HIV/AIDS and so in these circumstances contraception is acceptable. 1. Explain how a Christian marriage ceremony might guide a couple in their married life (6) Christians believe a Christian marriage has vows in front of God, therefore the fact that God is a part of the ceremony the vows are extremely important since the husband and wife promise to be with one another ‘in sickness and health’ therefore these vows brings the couple closer in relationships and they can support one another since ‘It will make a helper suitable for him’ therefore the ceremony Is an act to express their love for one another and the promises that they are willing to follow. The ceremony may guide the couple in life since once they are married the ‘two will become one flesh this shows that they will equally live amongst each other and they have equal values and they should and care for each other. Prayers are held in the wedding to ask for God’s blessings therefore this leads couples into a moral way of life. The exchanging of rings is symbolic of the commitment that they have for one another and that they will always support one another in their married life. 1. ‘God would never approve of civil partnerships.’ Discuss this statement. (12) Many Christians have different opinions about civil partnerships and whether God would approve it or not. Some Christians would argue that all people should be treated the same no matter who they fall in love with, the Bible teaches that equality is very important ‘neither Jew nor Greek’ and so civil partnerships should not be judged as immoral. The Bible teaches that God loves all people since it is his creation as God made ‘man in the image of God’ and so God will still love those in a civil partnership as the Bible teaches that God treats them equally. Some Christians would also argue that God created love ‘brought her to the man’ and so if God didn’t approve of civil partnerships God would not allow people to express their love. Some Christians believe that same-sex couples should have the same freedom to marry that other couples have since they should be treated equally and God welcomes his people with love and compassion. The Bible clearly shows that God not judge others and in fact, teaches to ‘love thy neighbour’. On the other Hand The Roman Catholic Church and Church of England is against Civil partnerships as they believe it is immoral and goes against God intention to grow in numbers and ‘multiply’ the fact that new life can be created from a male and a female partnership is acceptable however a couple with the same sex cannot create new life and so goes against God ‘man lies with a man†¦detestable’ The Church believes that God gave women and men separate roles in the family- the women should care for the children at home and so therefore a couple with the same sex would result in the child not being cared for in the correct way as intended by God- therefore to some extent God may go not approve civil partnerships. Overall I believe that God would not approve of Civil marriages but may accept that they occur in today’s society, the fact that God loves all his people no matter what race, sex or appearance- this shows God treats everyone equally . God gave humans their own conscience and so to some extent it is humans’ choice as to who they fall in love with and so I believe God may accept civil partnerships. Describe Christian beliefs about Divorce (6) Christians belief a marriage is a life time commitment amongst a couple. However there are different views about divorce. The Roman Catholic Church believes that divorce is immoral since during the couple’s marriage ceremony they have said vows to one another in front of God, the fact that they have promised to God that they will live together ‘in sickness and health’ shows that these promises cannot be broken, and if so, it is immoral ‘A man..be united with his wife.’. These Christians believe divorce is indissoluble. The Church believes the legal agreement is broken between a marriages but the holy agreement is not. But, the church understands that divorce can be painful and so the couple should be supported by community. Yet, the couple should try and work together to restore the marriage. Catholics sometimes annul marriages so they discount the vows made and in these cases it is acceptable. The Church of England does recognise that divorces may occur and so they should be cared for and supported by others, the church believes it has a duty to support the couple in times which are hard. The church believes it is important to try and restore the marriage in order to retain happiness and joy in society since the marriage ‘two will become one flesh’. If a divorcee wants to remarry, it is up to the vicar to agree to the marriage or not. ‘Women should always obey their husbands’ Discuss the statement. (12) To some extent, one would argue this statement is outdated since women’s roles are becoming just as important as men’s and the increase in emancipation of women shows that both men and women are treated equality. This is also shown in the Bible, as God mentions there are ‘neither Jew nor Greek’ therefore God loves and cares for women and mean just as much. And so women should not look up to men and be treated differently according to the Bible. The Bible teaches that both roles of women and men are just as important and they rely on one another to live a stable lifestyle and so this equality shows that women should not obey men. In fact the Bible teaches that all humans, including women, are given a conscience and they can choose right from wrong and so therefore women can choose whether to obey their husband or not as they have a free conscience. However, women should obey men to some extend as the man is regarded as the leader of the household and so needs respect and obedience in order to show man’s role in a household. The Bible teaches that that women should ‘submit to your husbands’

Phillipines essays

Phillipines essays The videos trace the development of the United States' colonial policy in the Philippines. It all started with helping a disaster-stricken young republic in creating a democratic society. In order to do that, the Philippines welcomed U.S. intervention. The U.S. was their hope to be freed from the Japanese and to rid their label of being the "sick man of Asia". Of course, U.S. aid came with extensive stipulations requiring amendment of the Philippine Constitution. Americans suddenly now had almost a full set of rights in the Philippines. Many Filipinos soon resented this, as it was a major threat to the sovereignty of the Philippines that they so dreamed of having. . Beginning in 1900, America has had a great influence in the Philippines. U.S. politics dictated the course of events of the islands. Many Filipinos sought after total sovereignty from the U.S. Philippine independence was granted, reserving military and Naval bases for the U.S,. Military and imposing tariffs on Philippine exports. The Philippine commonwealth was independent with supervision by the U.S. With this new republic, the Philippines faced many problems including economic deficiency and much internal strife. Namely, the Huks, a communist led guerilla group, began an extensive rebel movement against the Philippine government requesting that the government put an end to the feudalistic farm system in the rural parts of the Philippine Islands. During a democratic election in 1953, Ramon Magsaysay was elected President. He was known as a populist leader who understood the needs of the peasant farmers. The U.S. gave Magsaysay extensive aid in hopes of ridding the rebel movement. In March of 1957, Magsaysay was killed in an "accidental plane crash". Ferdinand Marcos was elected President in 1961 and was re-elected in 1969, wherein the Philippines was stricken with civil unrest caused in part by Marcos' support of U.S. Vietnam policy. In the early ...

Free Essays on Huckleberry Finn

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain designates Huck as an outsider in order to supply him with an honest perspective on the early nineteenth century American society’s position on issues involving slavery. Twain initially reveals society’s stance on slavery through the outcast by presenting Huck’s misgivings about assisting Jim to freedom. Therefore, Huck’s convictions reveal that society instilled the notion that slaves were property and should not escape to freedom. Also, Huck comments that he would rather go to hell than turn Jim over to the authorities, furthermore revealing the idea promoted by civilization that helping a slave was a moral issue resulting in eternal damnation. Additionally, Huck has difficulty humbling himself and apologizing to Jim after the separation in the fog. This dramatic scene highlights the early 19th century doctrine that slaves were foremost property and subsequently human beings. Moreover, as Huck apolo gizes to Jim, he breaks every societal code or standard regarding the treatment of slaves by humbling himself before a nigger. Also, Huck is surprised by Tom’s willingness to aid him in the rescue and release of Jim. Huck’s reaction continues to display the societal beliefs pertaining to slavery, because Huck expects from Tom as from the rest of civilization to receive condemnation for his actions. However, it is later revealed that Tom committed to aid Huck based on the knowledge that Jim was already a free man by Miss Watson’s will, thus demonstrating that society would disapprove of Huck’s assistance to Jim. Twain uses Huckleberry Finn’s interactions with Jim on the Mississippi River to reveal society’s perspective on slavery.... Free Essays on Huckleberry Finn Free Essays on Huckleberry Finn Essay 1. Huck was raised in the south where blacks aren’t free and racism is taught, but despite all this Huck turned out to be a boy who doesn’t fully believe in racism, because his friendship with a black man, Jim let him look past race. 2. Quotes a. â€Å"It made me feel so mean I could almost kissed his foot to get him to take it back. It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger – but I done it, and I warn’t ever sorry afterwards, neither. I didn’t do him no more mean tricks, and I wouldn’t done that one if Id known it would make him feel that way,† (pg. 95). b. Jim warn’t on his island†¦the raft was gone! My souls, but I was scared! I couldn’t get my breath for more than a minute. Then I raised a yell†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Good lan’ is dat you, honey? Doan’ make no noise.’ It was Jim’s voice – nothing ever sounded so good before. I run along the bank a piece and got aboard, and Jim he grabbed me and hugged me,† (pg. 128). 3. Explanation a. â€Å"It made me feel so mean I could almost kissed his foot to get him to take it back. It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger – but I done it, and I warn’t ever sorry afterwards, neither. I didn’t do him no more mean tricks, and I wouldn’t done that one if Id known it would make him feel that way,† (pg. 95). i. Huck thought that playing tricks on a black man was funny, but he didn’t take into account that blacks are human too, and they have feelings that can get hurt like anyone else. In this passage Huck feels horrible because he played a really bad trick on Jim; he made Jim think that he was lost and dead. When Jim realizes that it was all a joke he gets upset because Jim really cares for Huck, he loves him like a son. Because of the way that Huck was brought up, it takes a lot for him to get enough courage to apologize to a black person. After he does apologi... Free Essays on Huckleberry Finn In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain designates Huck as an outsider in order to supply him with an honest perspective on the early nineteenth century American society’s position on issues involving slavery. Twain initially reveals society’s stance on slavery through the outcast by presenting Huck’s misgivings about assisting Jim to freedom. Therefore, Huck’s convictions reveal that society instilled the notion that slaves were property and should not escape to freedom. Also, Huck comments that he would rather go to hell than turn Jim over to the authorities, furthermore revealing the idea promoted by civilization that helping a slave was a moral issue resulting in eternal damnation. Additionally, Huck has difficulty humbling himself and apologizing to Jim after the separation in the fog. This dramatic scene highlights the early 19th century doctrine that slaves were foremost property and subsequently human beings. Moreover, as Huck apolo gizes to Jim, he breaks every societal code or standard regarding the treatment of slaves by humbling himself before a nigger. Also, Huck is surprised by Tom’s willingness to aid him in the rescue and release of Jim. Huck’s reaction continues to display the societal beliefs pertaining to slavery, because Huck expects from Tom as from the rest of civilization to receive condemnation for his actions. However, it is later revealed that Tom committed to aid Huck based on the knowledge that Jim was already a free man by Miss Watson’s will, thus demonstrating that society would disapprove of Huck’s assistance to Jim. Twain uses Huckleberry Finn’s interactions with Jim on the Mississippi River to reveal society’s perspective on slavery.... Free Essays on Huckleberry Finn Superstitions in Huckleberry Finn In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, there is a lot of superstition. Some examples of superstition in the novel are Huck killing a spider which is bad luck, the hair-ball used to tell fortunes, and the rattle-snake skin Huck touches that brings Huck and Jim good and bad luck. Superstition plays an important role in the novel Huck Finn. In Chapter one Huck sees a spider crawling up his shoulder, so he flipped it off and it went into the flame of the candle. Before he could get it out, it was already shriveled up. Huck didn't need anyone to tell him that it was an bad sign and would give him bad luck. Huck got scared and shook his clothes off, and turned in his tracks three times. He then tied a lock of his hair with a thread to keep the witches away. "You do that when you've lost a horseshoe that you've found, instead of nailing it up over the door, but I hadn't ever heard anybody say it was any way to keep of bad luck when you'd killed a spider."(Twain 5). In chapter four Huck sees Pap's footprints in the snow. So Huck goes to Jim to ask him why Pap is here. Jim gets a hair-ball that is the size of a fist that he took from an ox's stomach. Jim asks the hair-ball; Why is Pap here? But the hair-ball won't answer. Jim says it needs money, so Huck gives Jim a counterfeit quarter. Jim puts the quarter under the hair-ball. The hair-ball talks to Jim and Jim tells Huck that it says. "Yo'ole father doan' know yit what he's a-gwyne to do. Sometimes he spec he'll go 'way, en den ag'in he spec he'll stay. De bes' way is tores' easy en let de ole man take his own way. Dey's two angles hoverin' roun' 'bout him. One uv'em is white en shiny, en t'other one is black. De white one gits him to go right a little while, den de black one sil in en gust it all up. A bo... Free Essays on Huckleberry Finn The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Homework Assignment Chapters I to IV 1. Even though Tom feels that Huck is not â€Å"respectable,† Huck is likeable, even admirable in many ways. We get certain impressions of Huck’s character in the opening chapters of the book. It seems Huck is used to caring for himself most of the time, but is now living with Widow Douglas. Widow Douglas and her sister, Miss Watson, try to â€Å"civilize† Huck, and educate him. Yet almost from the beginning of the book, Huck clearly doesn’t seem to have any interest in education, religion, or being civilized in general. Another important trait of Huck‘s that we learn about quickly is that he is superstitious. â€Å"’I got into my old rags and my sugar hogshead again, and was free and satisfied.’† and â€Å"’I didn’t need anybody to tell me that that was an awful bad sign and would fetch me some bad luck†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  are examples of his rejection to â€Å"civilization† and his beliefs in supe rstitions. 2. Jim is Miss Watson’s slave. My first impressions of Jim are that he is completely uneducated, very easily fooled, and extremely superstitious. Also, when he can’t explain things that’s were his ability to embellish his stories come from, but they make for entertainment to the rest of the slaves that he tells his stories too. Examples: When Jim hears the noise he‘s determined to make sure he hears it again but he falls asleep in just a short 10minutes, that shows that he‘s easily fooled and not that bright. 3. Although we do not meet Huck’s father in these chapters, we do hear some things about him. Pap isn’t a reliable person, and hasn’t been around for over a year. Ben Rogers tells us that â€Å"’He used to lay drunk with the hogs in the tanyard†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬ , which obviously tells us he is a alcoholic with a poor reputation. 4. When Huck wants to smoke, the widow forbids him, saying it is a mean and unclean practice. ... Free Essays on Huckleberry Finn Summary The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn opens by familiarizing the reader with the events of the book that preceded it, Tom Sawyer. In the town of St. Petersburg, which lies along the Mississippi River, Huckleberry Finn, a poor boy with a drunken bum for a father, and his friend Tom Sawyer, a middle-class boy with an imagination a little too active for his own good, found a robber's stash of gold at the end of the earlier book. As a result of his adventure, Huck gains quite a bit of money (held in a sort of trust for him at the bank) and is adopted by the Widow Douglas, a kind but stifling woman who lives with her sister, the self-righteous Miss Watson. Huck is none too thrilled with his new life of cleanliness, manners, church, and school, but he sticks it out at the bequest of Tom, who tells him that in order to take part in his new "robbers' gang" Huck must stay "respectable." All is well and good until Huck's brutish father, Pap, reappears and demands Huck's money. Judge Thatcher and the Widow try to get legal custody of Huck, but the well-intentioned new judge in town believes in the rights of Huck's natural father and even takes the old drunk into his own home in an attempt to reform him. This effort fails miserably, and Pap soon returns to his old ways. He hangs around town for several months, harassing his son, who in the meantime has learned to read and to tolerate the Widow's attempts to improve him. Finally, outraged when the Widow Douglas warns him to stay away from her house, Pap kidnaps the boy, holding him in a cabin across the river from St. Petersburg. Whenever he goes out, Pap locks Huck in the cabin, and when he returns home drunk, he beats the boy. Tired of his confinement, and fearing the beatings will worsen, Huck escapes from Pap by faking his own death. Hiding on Jackson's Island out in the middle of the Mississippi River, he watches the townspeople search the river for his body. After a few days on t...

Argument Supporting Gay Marriage Essay -- Homosexual Gay Lesbian Right

Lindsey and Beth, a lesbian couple, have been living together for eleven years. Lindsey conceived two children from a sperm donor. Together, Lindsey and Beth turned their house into a loving home for their two children. One day, on the way home from the grocery store, Lindsey was killed in a tragic car accident. Before Beth could even grasp the situation, the children that she helped raise from birth had been taken away and placed into the care of Lindsey's parents, who never were a part of their lives because they did not accept Lindsey's homosexuality. In addition, the house that Beth and Lindsey lived in for eleven years was taken away from Beth. How did this happen to Beth? Well, if Lindsey and Beth could have been legally married like all heterosexual couples, Beth would have had custody of the children and would have kept the house. They would have received 1,049 protections, benefits and responsibilities that are extended to married couples under federal law (HRC). Lindsey and Beth are one example of same sex couples that live in 99.3 percent of all counties in the United States (HRC). It is estimated that 10 percent or 25 million people in the United States are homosexuals, and by law they do not have the rights that married heterosexuals enjoy. American voters have the power to change the law and prevent the sad story that Beth had to live, by voting "yes" on referendums in support of gay marriage, and "no" on bans of gay marriage. The opening scenario of Lindsey and Beth is a dilemma that is becoming more of a real situation each day. The fact is that people are forming unions regardless of the law. In all fairness, the people involved in these relationships should have the same legal rights as all other American discriminating against gay marriage. But by voting "yes" on referendums in support of gay marriage, and "no" on bans of gay marriage, our society can become one step closer to creating a more fair and just society that supports diversity and accepts people with a different life-style. Works Cited Human Rights Campaign (HRC). 26 Nov 2006. . Moats, David. Civil Wars a Battle for Gay Marriage. New York: Harcourt, Inc., 2004. Rauch, Jonathan. Gay Marriage. New York: Henry Holt and Company, LLC, 2004. Robertson, Donald L. Dr. "Homosexuality and Genetics." 26 Nov 2006. . "U.S. Census Figures Continue To Show National Trend." Human Rights Campaign. 27 June 2006. 26 Nov 2006. eleases/20011/U_S_Census_Figures_Continue_To_Show_National_Trend.htm.

Shakespeare's Othello Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Shakespeare's Othello - Essay Example So when, convinced by Iago that Desdemona has indeed deceived him with Cassio, and after accusing Desdemona and hearing her reply of innocence, Othello is able without any doubt to attack with the sarcastic retort, "I cry you mercy then/ I took you for that cunning whore of Venice/That married with Othello" (4.2. 89-91). A long and established friend might be able to place doubt upon a new marriage, particularly in a culture where free exchange between the sexes is not allowed, and a new wife will necessarily be almost a stranger. But why such a sudden and violent response The answer there lies in several places: the culture of the time, Othello's character and Desdemona's character. When Othello begins, Iago reveals to Rodrigo his hatred of Othello. Othello had seen fit to elevate Cassio above Iago in the ranks of the military they both served. It was a position Iago thought should have been his. As Iago tells Rodrigo, Othello's own "eyes had seen the proof/At Rhodes, at Cyprus, and on other grounds" (1.1 26-27) of Iago's worthiness, and yet not elevated him to the position he deserves. Iago views Othello's decision both as a betrayal and a trap: he sees himself forever the Moor's servant, and impotent. He stays with Othello only to exact his revenge: "I follow him to serve my turn upon him" (1.1. 40). Iago's revenge is to destroy Othello, as Othello has destroyed him, not just to kill him; and perhaps to cuckold Othello, as he feels cuckolded by Othello, though via power, not sex. But where is Othello vulnerable In his position as a military leader No, Othello is the Hero-Warrior: his reputation is known far and wide; all who served with or under him hold his military prowess in the highest regard; a stranger to Venetian society due to his background, Othello has risen to a renowned, entrusted rank. Othello is the good soldier, through and through; and Desdemona-a woman of high status in Venetian society, beautiful and wealthy--is the mirror in which he sees himself. Othello, as the good soldier, followed orders and expected others to follow his. Othello came to Venetian society as a slave, kidnapped, and ended by converting, and rising within the new society, almost literally, by tooth and nail. Desdemona, on the other hand, had the opposite response to her treatment as property at least in respect to her marriage: she simply behaved as would a free woman; she loved whom she chose, and married when she chose. In this way, Desdemona rejected her casting in life as property. She had in fact shown no interest in marriage before: "So opposite to marriage that she shunned/The wealthy curled darlings of our nation" (1.2. 66-67). Does it not hint to Othello of a dangerous sense of freedom Desdemona has not acted according to convention; Desdemona has done what she will: what else is Desdemona capable of that defies convention Othello says of Iago: "This fellow's of exceeding honesty/And knows all qualities with a learned spirit/Of human dealings" (3.3, 258-259). Suddenly, Othello begins to suspect depths, complexities, dishonesties, nuances, that

Take a position as to why kids join gangs Essay

Take a position as to why kids join gangs - Essay Example Some of them will still join the gangs even after being warned and having enough exposure to the appropriate advice against such behaviours. It therefore follows that there are some very pressing challenges that these children who join the gangs face, under the blanket of identity crisis during adolescence. The most potent of all factors leading to the stubborn insistence on social vices by adolescents and youths are internal factors that the developing personality tries to come to terms with. At such a time, these children require the appropriate conditioning that will encourage them to make the correct decision for instance in joining helpful friendships. In this paper, there are certain factors that appear to have the most determining forces that these children face leading to joining the wrong groups. Academic research shows that while some children find difficulties in cultivating the appropriate friendship patterns due to the environment that they are brought up in, there are chances that they would still behave the same if the environment was changed. Likewise, there are chances that environment would not affect yet another section of the youths’ population. The important thing is the realization that various factors contribute to marked differences in the life of the children. Kids join gangs for a number of reasons, among which are for protection, to gain of sense of belonging, or to get into illegal activities. Firstly, according to the Juvenile Justice Bulletin (1), children who are brought up in a neighbourhood where the environment for the cultivation of a positive social integration is poor always find the wrong footing into social life. The Bulletin finds strong links in the presence of gangs in such neighbourhoods to the lack of the appropriate positioning and empowerment for making social decisions in the youths. Poor neighbourhoods present challenging development factors for

Safety Culture Evaluation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Safety Culture Evaluation - Case Study Example The safety programs are well intent on establishing provisions that ensure the well-being of the company employees. A company that uses this factor is Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Based on a recent survey, the institution is considered to be the best company to work for (Gustin, 2008). This is attributed to the medical cover that they provide for employees, as well as their children. There is a medical facility in the company premises, which is free of charge for the employees. This safety measure is fundamental, as employees be treated as soon as possible and get back to work. The safety measure is an efficient measure of ensuring the efficiency of the company. It serves that the employees are well assured in terms of safety measures, and if they may have a problem, they can seek medical attention immediately. This reduces the element of wasting valuable working time seeking solutions to a medical problem. These factors prove to improve the efficiency of the company. The establishment of a health facility increases the employee output, as they are motivated to work knowing that they have a medical facility that can ensure that their health is not in danger. Such programs are not common in manufacturing companies, as they are deemed expensive, which may reduce the level of profits that a company will generate. This is because the establishment of a medical facility is a production cost, affecting the level of revenue generated. It is a contributing factor as to why a number of firms, have not invested in a medical facility that can increase the safety measures. Since all firms aim to reduce the cost of operation, several companies will deem a medical facility as a high cost that is not a worthwhile investment. However, it increases the probability of health hazards in the workplace. There are some safety measures, which are established but do not work or do not serve their purpose. An example of such is the fire extinguishers. There

Maps as a Form of Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Maps as a Form of Communication - Essay Example According to the report philosophical understanding with regard to the study of mapping is vital as maps have two distinct trademark features â€Å"offering a framework for knowledge, and a set of assertions about the world itself.† This means that thinking about mapping must therefore provide a distinction between the process of mapping as an exercise, and the type of claims that knowledge asserted within maps is able to make.From this discussion it is clear that  cartography aims to be a scientific process, and it is of course deeply rooted in the study of landforms and other surveying practices. The map should represent the world through ‘visual inventorying’, forming an accurate representation of the land itself and the spatial relationships around it. The map is an effective tool for communication only if it displays a scaled abstraction of the land to a known and standardised degree of precision. The beginnings of research into map communication and a more user directed interpretation started to develop in the 1950’s. Up until this point the demands for the map to reflect ‘true’ to life representation had certainly been an objective of cartographers, but as the demands from various consumers of maps such as the military and property owners grew, the need was seen for a move away from the art of cartography.  Arthur Robinson, designer of the Robison world map projection, wanted to form a science of cartography, whereby design principles would be based on what was easiest for the map user to interpret.

Wildlife and Forest Management in Kanbula National Park Term Paper

Wildlife and Forest Management in Kanbula National Park - Term Paper Example Wildlife and forest management is essential to preserve its natural beauty and to maintain the ecological processes within. However, there are many factors that affect the wildlife and the forest as industrialization is boosting in the realms of China’s borders. Despite the fact that the Liajiaxia Hydroelectric Power Station is producing clean energy, it ironically has caused several alterations to the ecological system of the Kanbula Forest. This paper aims to 1) provide an exposition about the characteristics of the Kanbula National Park; 2) determine the impact of Lijiaxia Hydro Power Plant to the ecological process within Kanbula National Park and; 3) propose several ways of wildlife and forest management while taking into consideration the present condition of the Kanbula National Park. Introduction Forest ecosystem consists primarily of trees and other naturally growing plants. It nurtures various types of wild animals and other species. The forest ecosystem, like the Ka nbula Forest, provides people with food, fuel, timber and fiber. Other than these, most people do not recognize the significance of forests among their lives. Forests provide protection of the hydrologic cycle. They also help in climate regulation because forests are basically natural sinks of carbon, which is one of the greenhouse gases that harm the planet (Espaldon et al, 2004). Kanbula forest is one of the most diverse across China. However, most of its flora and fauna are at risk of extinction. Major causes of forest destruction include industrialization, commercialism and weak enforcement of forest laws (Sajise et al, 1996). This paper will dig deeper into several issues that Kanbula National Park is facing, and how these issues or factors impact the forest’s ecological system. Characteristics of Kanbula National Park Geographical Position The Kanbula National Park is located in Northwest of Jianza County of Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous States in Qinghai Province, with t otal area of 15,054 hectares and altitude of 2,100 to 4,000 meters above sea level (Hong, Shi, 2009). The Kanbula forest is basically a subalpine forest as it is located in high altitude. The forest is also located in the transition zone from Loess Plateau to Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Thus, it is the warmest region in Qinghai Province. It borders on the Yellow River in the North and is adjacent to the Liajiaxia Hydroelectric Power Station. Huge mountains extend from the forest with trees covered resembling a sea of forest. There are deflated hills around the Kanbula Forest that are formed due to erosion from wind and sand. The hills are called red cloud landforms. Climate Characteristics Cold and warm weathers are the two general climate condition in the forest. Cold season is characterized by cold, windy and dry air, while dry season features monsoon and warm and humid air. According to meteorological data records, the average temperature of the forest is 1 to 2.9 °C (Wu, 2007). The warmest month (July) has a daily temperature of 11.5-13.4 °C. The coldest month (January) has average daily temperature -12-10.1 °C(Wu, 2007). From March to September month average is temperature of 7-8.4  °C; stable over time through 0 °C for 190 days; plant growing period mean diurnal temperature 13.l  °C, 2,622-2,900 hours of annual sunshine hours, global solar radiation 609-647 kJ / cm. Annual rainfall is 450-490 mm, annual evaporation 1,923 mm. Annual average wind speed 19 meters per second, more concentrated in the January to April (Wu, 2007). Soil Characteristics Kanbula forest’s soil has five categories. The first type is alpine shrub meadow soil that is found at the altitude between 3,600 and 3,900 meters. The second type is the

Safety Culture Evaluation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Safety Culture Evaluation - Case Study Example The safety programs are well intent on establishing provisions that ensure the well-being of the company employees. A company that uses this factor is Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Based on a recent survey, the institution is considered to be the best company to work for (Gustin, 2008). This is attributed to the medical cover that they provide for employees, as well as their children. There is a medical facility in the company premises, which is free of charge for the employees. This safety measure is fundamental, as employees be treated as soon as possible and get back to work. The safety measure is an efficient measure of ensuring the efficiency of the company. It serves that the employees are well assured in terms of safety measures, and if they may have a problem, they can seek medical attention immediately. This reduces the element of wasting valuable working time seeking solutions to a medical problem. These factors prove to improve the efficiency of the company. The establishment of a health facility increases the employee output, as they are motivated to work knowing that they have a medical facility that can ensure that their health is not in danger. Such programs are not common in manufacturing companies, as they are deemed expensive, which may reduce the level of profits that a company will generate. This is because the establishment of a medical facility is a production cost, affecting the level of revenue generated. It is a contributing factor as to why a number of firms, have not invested in a medical facility that can increase the safety measures. Since all firms aim to reduce the cost of operation, several companies will deem a medical facility as a high cost that is not a worthwhile investment. However, it increases the probability of health hazards in the workplace. There are some safety measures, which are established but do not work or do not serve their purpose. An example of such is the fire extinguishers. There

Wildlife and Forest Management in Kanbula National Park Term Paper

Wildlife and Forest Management in Kanbula National Park - Term Paper Example Wildlife and forest management is essential to preserve its natural beauty and to maintain the ecological processes within. However, there are many factors that affect the wildlife and the forest as industrialization is boosting in the realms of China’s borders. Despite the fact that the Liajiaxia Hydroelectric Power Station is producing clean energy, it ironically has caused several alterations to the ecological system of the Kanbula Forest. This paper aims to 1) provide an exposition about the characteristics of the Kanbula National Park; 2) determine the impact of Lijiaxia Hydro Power Plant to the ecological process within Kanbula National Park and; 3) propose several ways of wildlife and forest management while taking into consideration the present condition of the Kanbula National Park. Introduction Forest ecosystem consists primarily of trees and other naturally growing plants. It nurtures various types of wild animals and other species. The forest ecosystem, like the Ka nbula Forest, provides people with food, fuel, timber and fiber. Other than these, most people do not recognize the significance of forests among their lives. Forests provide protection of the hydrologic cycle. They also help in climate regulation because forests are basically natural sinks of carbon, which is one of the greenhouse gases that harm the planet (Espaldon et al, 2004). Kanbula forest is one of the most diverse across China. However, most of its flora and fauna are at risk of extinction. Major causes of forest destruction include industrialization, commercialism and weak enforcement of forest laws (Sajise et al, 1996). This paper will dig deeper into several issues that Kanbula National Park is facing, and how these issues or factors impact the forest’s ecological system. Characteristics of Kanbula National Park Geographical Position The Kanbula National Park is located in Northwest of Jianza County of Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous States in Qinghai Province, with t otal area of 15,054 hectares and altitude of 2,100 to 4,000 meters above sea level (Hong, Shi, 2009). The Kanbula forest is basically a subalpine forest as it is located in high altitude. The forest is also located in the transition zone from Loess Plateau to Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Thus, it is the warmest region in Qinghai Province. It borders on the Yellow River in the North and is adjacent to the Liajiaxia Hydroelectric Power Station. Huge mountains extend from the forest with trees covered resembling a sea of forest. There are deflated hills around the Kanbula Forest that are formed due to erosion from wind and sand. The hills are called red cloud landforms. Climate Characteristics Cold and warm weathers are the two general climate condition in the forest. Cold season is characterized by cold, windy and dry air, while dry season features monsoon and warm and humid air. According to meteorological data records, the average temperature of the forest is 1 to 2.9 °C (Wu, 2007). The warmest month (July) has a daily temperature of 11.5-13.4 °C. The coldest month (January) has average daily temperature -12-10.1 °C(Wu, 2007). From March to September month average is temperature of 7-8.4  °C; stable over time through 0 °C for 190 days; plant growing period mean diurnal temperature 13.l  °C, 2,622-2,900 hours of annual sunshine hours, global solar radiation 609-647 kJ / cm. Annual rainfall is 450-490 mm, annual evaporation 1,923 mm. Annual average wind speed 19 meters per second, more concentrated in the January to April (Wu, 2007). Soil Characteristics Kanbula forest’s soil has five categories. The first type is alpine shrub meadow soil that is found at the altitude between 3,600 and 3,900 meters. The second type is the

Aspirin Preparation Case Essay Example for Free

Aspirin Preparation Case Essay * How drugs are discovered and developed Pharmacologist along with chemist focus on a specific disease and unmet patient needs in order to discover new drugs. They search for biological targets within the body that play a role in a given disease. Unique molecules are found or created that some day might be medicines. Lead Compound Selection, is the testing of compounds that might undergo the long expensive drug develop process. Random Screening- uses existing library of chemical agents. This is the simplest method but the odds are low and patience is needed. Combinational Chemistry Screening- uses a compound (from existing library) as a base, then randomly adding amino acids or molecule segments of other agents to the base compound in order to enhance the base compounds activity and disease fighting potential. The enhanced compounds are then tested in rapid screening test. However this method is complex and costly but it improves the odds. Target Synthesis- targets the disease for drug intervention. For example High Blood Pressure would be studied in detail. Consequently this method still requires screening of hundreds of compounds and extensive amount of research to understand a particular disease process. Drug Modeling- uses more high technology. This method manipulates chemical structures by computers so that they can attach to, activate or deactivate proteins that interfere with or maintain the bodys normal functioning. The model is used to enhance the properties of the other methods but the cost for designer compounds are significant because of the huge amount of research that is needed to identify biochemical target and establish their molecular structure. * How safety of drugs is checked before being used on the public A drug undergoes 3 clinical phases before being used on the public. PHASE 1 This is designed to determine the safety of the new drug, how best to administer it and the correct dosage- (one that will minimize desirable side effects). 20-30 patients (volunteers) are used to find out how the drug behaves in their body, so their blood and urine will be frequently monitored. Even though drugs in this will have been already tested in a laboratory. PHASE 2 After the correct dosage has been determined in phase1 clinical trial, it can enter phase2. This trial consists of determining the drugs effectiveness in treating a specific disease. Phase2 involves more patients (volunteers) and they are tested for the number of platelets in their blood and take frequent blood samples. If the drug being tested brings a positive change in at least 1/5 of the patients then it can be tested in phase3. However if the drug shows very positive effects in-patients, the Food and Drug Administration also have the option of approving the drug for general use at this point. PHASE 3 This trial involves hundreds of patients and is divided into two groups. The control group receives a standard treatment (placebo) and the treatment groups are given the new drug. Results are then compared from the two groups. Blinded studies are used to prevent biased study results. If the new successfully passes a phase3 trial the FDA will approve the drug for marketing to the general public. Purification -The acetylsalicylic acid is washed with distilled water until all the acetic acid is removed. -It is pressed to be as dry as possible and then dried more by a current of warm air at 60-70 degrees Celsius. The yield of pure acetylsalicylic acid is between 1780-1795kg per batch using this reaction process. * History of Aspirin and its modern development * How aspirin is prepared on the large scale Main reactor for the process- a glass lined 1500 gallon fitted with a water-cooled reflux condenser, thermometers with automatic temperature register and an efficient agitator. The Mother Liquor- 1532kg of acetic anhydride in 1200kg of toluene (this does not get used up.). The reactor is charged up with the mother liquor. 1382kg of salicylic acid is added to the mother liquor. The reaction mixture is heated to between 85-92 degrees Celsius and kept at this temperature for 20 hours. The reaction mixture is transferred into an aluminum-cooling tank and is allowed to cool for 3-4 days. By the end the cool mixture will have reached room temperature 15-25 degrees Celsius. At this point the acetylsalicylic acid has precipitated as large regular crystals. Mother liquor is removed by filtration or centrifuging. Filtrate solution- 180-270kg of UN-precipitated acetyl acid, 510kg of acetic anhydride, 600kg of acetic acid and 1200kg of toluene. The acetic acid is obtained as a by-product of the acetylation step of the process. An well-agitated reactor using a diffusion plate will introduce Ketene gas, to be passed through the recycled filtrate at a temperature between 15-25 degrees Celsius. When a weight increase of 420.5kg of the Ketene gas is observed, the mother liquor contains 180-270kg of UN-precipitated acetyl acid and 1532kg of acetic anhydride in 1200kg of toluene. The Mother liquor is recycled and 1382kg of Salicylic acid is added to continue the reaction cycle BC- the first and most influential physician wrote about the bitter powder extracted from the willow bark that could ease aches and pains and reduce fever. 1700- The scientist Reverend Edmund Stone found out that the part of the willow tree bark that was bitter and good for fever and pain is a chemical known as Salicin. This converts into another chemical called Salicylic acid when eaten. 1829- A pharmacist known as Leroux showed that Salicin is the active willow ingredient and for the first time an Italian chemist Piria used Salicylic acid to treat pain and swelling in diseases such as Arthritis and to treat fever in illnesses like Influenza. The problem was that these chemicals was causing the users upset stomachs. Some people had bleeding in their digestive tracts from high doses needed to control swelling and pain. It was thought that the reason of stomach upsets were because of the acid in the chemical, therefore the compound Salicylic acid went through a couple of chemical reactions that covered up one of the acidic parts with an ACETYL group, converting it to ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID (ASA). It was found that ASA reduced fever and relieve of pain and swelling but also it was much better for the stomach and worked better than Salicylic Acid. 1899- ASA was given the name ASPIRIN- that comes from the plant relative of a rose that makes SALICYLIC ACID (several plants makes this compound not just willow). * How drugs such as aspirin work Prostaglandin is a chemical that is released to make the nerve ending register an even stronger pain to the brain. It is made in working cells of the damaged tissues by using an enzyme called CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 (COX-2). Prostaglandin makes you feel the pain of the damaged area and causes it to swell up (inflammation), to bathe the tissues in fluid from the blood so that it will protect it and help it heal. Pain serves the purpose here to remind you that the damaged area cannot be used, as it is not healed. However sometimes we endure pain when there is no real reason to. For example Period Pains and Arthritis. It can make people feel really uncomfortable and arthritis can damage joints permanently. ASPIRIN works by locking itself to the enzyme that makes the chemical Prostaglandin. The enzyme C0X-2 that is found in normal tissues but mostly in tissues that have been damaged in some way, can no longer convert floating chemicals into Prostaglandin because they are unable to move with the aspirin lock on. Aspirin does not treat the cause of the pain; it just lowers the pain signals getting through your nerves to the brain. * How effective aspirin is New researches suggest that an aspirin a day is a preventive measure against Heart Attacks. However the effectiveness of aspirin has differential effects depending on genetics.

Examining The Mentor Relationship Between Students And Nurses Nursing Essay

Examining The Mentor Relationship Between Students And Nurses Nursing Essay   There are many faces to nursing. The nursing role includes various responsibilities, including more than nursing patients, all  having the same objectives with the aim to producing whatever might improve the development of nursing, which will eventually be of benefit to patients.   Patients do not realize that nurses need to prepare and guide students to help them become competent nurses. Student nurses have to go through a three year program to become a nurse, but the academic side of learning is not enough to become a good nurse. A nurse must practice to master all the skills required to be able to care for patients in a professional manner. The educational nursing process has continued to evolve and new challenges are being raised.   One of the great challenges in development is the process of mentorship and supervision of nursing students, where the main goal is to guide students through their clinical placement, to make sure that they become the most competent practitioners. This process is called mentoring. A mentor is a practitioner who facilitates learning by supervising and assessing the nursing students in their clinical practice area.(English National Board For Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting Department of Health (2001) Preparation for Teachers and Mentors: A New Framework of Guidance. ENB/DH, London.). Mentors helps to bridge the gap between the theory and practice, and so nursing students develop an understanding about their profession. There are clinical tutors available from  nursing universities who can guide students in clinical practice, but mentoring by the nurse working in the ward of practice has the most advantage since the latest techniques, tools and protocols are familiar and used continuously. Jarvis (1992) argued that teachers of nursing cannot be up to date with practice if they are not practicing. A mentor who is non active cannot give expertise guidance to real life scenarios. A  relationship needs to be formed between the nurse and the student, which should be motivated by the fact, that by sharing their knowledge, they are helping to improve the entire health system, through improving the quality and quantity of more competent newly qualified nurses, who will eventually become their own colleagues. Consequently, the more reliable new colleagues will be, the more responsibility and workload in the ward can be shared, and managing the ward can become straightforward. Managers should be more understanding and compliant to mentoring in the wards, as  lack of time is the biggest restriction that obstructs supervising. Time which nurses can dedicate to mentoring is very limited in the wards, as these have to perform their nursing duties as usual. In the past mentors did not exist and student nurses had to learn the hard way, many times through trial and error, which frequently could have been detrimental to the patients. There was no one delegated, with the duty to guide the student nurses, who were young, fragile and afraid when entering this real life scenario. Due to lack of staff, student nurses were used as an extra pair of hands, sometimes doing tasks which they had not mastered.  Some  were so naive,  even confessing to the patient this is the first time Im doing this procedure, and the patient already frightened from being in hospital, has to endure the knowledge that he is being used as a guinea pig. Nowadays patients are not going through these experiences anymore. Today nursing students are in hospital to learn and acquire experience under supervision and are not given tasks to practice on patients, unless a mentor is convinced the student has acquired the ability to perform such tasks. Procedures are explain ed to the mentee so that they can understand while observing their mentor and later bring forward any difficulties or suggestions.   Part of mentoring is being a role model, to be of inspiration to others. A role model does not need to be in the highest rank, just a qualified nurse who carries out a role in a manner that makes others desire to be just like him/her.   Gordon (2003) suggests that role modelling, has a very strong influence on forming how students perform. We are all inspired to become a role model and finding one, who fulfils our expectations, gives us a clear vision of what we want to achieve and what we want to become. Students who are well motivated and have a sound theoretical knowledge can learn a lot through observing a good nurse while practicing. It is easier for the student to retain practical knowledge when it is visualized than when it is thought in the classroom. Students will realize what has been learned from observing, only when given the opportunity to try out the procedure for themselves under supervision. Producing competent professionals, with all its complex combinations of knowledge, performance, skills and attitudes needs contribution from nurses, patients and managers. Without effective mentoring, and knowledge acquired through the professional education, it is difficult to achieve this state of competence   Beyond doubt mentors have a leading role in our profession; their importance is vital in the continued success of nursing and to make the student feel connected to the placement area. A mentor can be seen as an advisor, teacher, role model and counsellor, adapting to different situations. Allowing students to participate in patient care under supervision, while giving them opportunity to experience and practice a variety of skills, will surely result in better quality care delivered to patients.   To conclude Mentoring is a brain to pick, an ear to listen, and a push in the right direction John C, Crosby (1859-1943). American politician

Feminimity and Masculinity in Trifles by Susan Glaspell Essays -- Trif

Feminimity and Masculinity in Trifles by Susan Glaspell Works Cited Not Included Trifles, a one-act play, written by Susan Glaspell, has an interesting plot about an abusive husband?s murder at the hands of his abused wife on a secluded farm in the Midwest (Russell, pg. 1). The opening scene of the play gives us a great deal of information about the people of the play and their opinions. The play portrays the ways in which men treated women during this time period. The men in the reading reflected a male-oriented society, which caused the women feelings of repression and unappreciation. Throughout the play the actions of Mrs. Wright, Mrs. Hale, and Mrs. Peters resemble that of Greek mythology, where three sisters controlled the fate of men (Russell, pg. 1). The setting in which the majority of the action takes place is the kitchen. The room is described as ? a gloomy kitchen?-unwashed pans under the sink, a loaf of bread outside the bread-box, a dish-towel on the table-and other signs of uncompleted works?(Roberts and Jones, pg.1150). This description should alert the reader immediately that something is wrong. In the time when this play was taking place, the woman?s sole responsibility was to keep the house in order. Everything I have read from this time period has portrayed the house as a very clean and organized place for the man to come home to. It was supposed to be a place for rest and relaxation. The fact that Mrs. Wright?s kitchen was in such disarray, symbolizes that something was troubling her. In the paragraph describing the scene it is told that the people entered the kitchen in the order of the sheriff, the county attorney, and Hale. The sheriff?s wife and Mrs. Hale followed behind the men, entering last... ...h some of her own. ?Mrs. Hale symbolically claims her position as the person who spins the thread of life,? (Russell, pg. 1) relating back to Greek mythology. When the men continue to joke about Mrs. Wright?s intention ?to quilt or just knot? it evokes a defensive response in Mrs. Hale which seems to warn them not to tempt fate. The play ends with the women leaving the house without conveying what they had learned to the men. They felt justified in making a decision not to tell because of the condescending attitudes of the men. Their choice was to do what was legally right and report their findings, or to conceal the truth and vindicate all women (Kearns, pg. 1). Mrs. Hale snatches the box from Mrs. Peters and puts it in the pocket of her big coat to conceal it. The women have no intentions of revealing their finds, and seem to protect Mrs. Wright to the end.

Essay --

Andrew Almeida Huck Finn Self Reliance This quote from Lauren Oliver speaks volumes on the mindset of Huck FinnÍ ¾ â€Å"I’d rather die my way than live yours.† Huck Finn is a young kid growing up in at a very chaotic time in America. Many ideas and bias are either forced upon him or he has no help but experiencing. Rather than putting up with this Huck decides he would be better off on his own as opposed to trying to adapt to everyone else's standards. Living by himself lead to many more challenges and opposing forces than a kid of only 13 should have to be faced with. This lead to Huck being more mature than other kids his age because he had to constantly rely on himself to solve his problems and come up with his own morales on what is right and wrong without the guidance from others.Along with how this changed Huck as a person for better or worse. Huck Finn is a very independent character. Being without a father figure and parents of any kind leads him to have to grow up by himself. In doing so creating a character who is able to react and make decisions to help himself get out of the mess he or his friends have gotten him into. Huck at such a young age is forced to look for jim to guidance on the river but Jim is no more educated than Huck is. This leads to Huck having to not only lead himself but also try and take a leadership role to get Jim to safety. A great example of where Huck is able to take his fate into his own hands by making an elaborate tale is when he is on shore dressed as a girl. He is caught in a lie but instead of risking the fate of Jim he thinks quick and saysÍ ¾Ã¢â‚¬  I told her my father and mother was dead, and the law had bound me out to a mean old farmer in the country thirty mile back from the river, and he treated... ...hing because he is able to do it all himself. Nobody at that time period in the south was willing to help him so he simply did what was right with no caution as to whether not people would judge him Í ¾"Well, I did. I said I wouldn't, and I'll stick to it. Honest INJUN, I will. People would call me a lowdown Abolitionist and despise me for keeping mum—but that don't make no difference. I ain't agoing to tell, and I ain't agoing back there, anyways. So, now, le's know all about it." (8.52, 8.53). This self reliance and separation from society is what allows Huck to be more accepting of new ideas and ultimately is what makes this story takes place in the first place. Without Huck’s self reliance none of this ever would have been possible and Huck would have most likely never left the small town with his drunk deadbeat father and slave owning Miss.Watson and Miss.Douglas.

East of Eden: John Fontenrose Response

East of Eden: John Fontenrose Response The basis for the story of good and evil is most often the Christian biblical stories in the book of Genesis. The classic battle of good and evil with good always triumphant over evil often stretches farther out and into our many cultures. This archaic tale is ever prevalent in all of mankind’s greatest stories in many different variations. John Steinbeck often brings this struggle to different methods of thought especially on how we view evil, as well as good.He brings this story to light using the everyday, common man in his books, Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men and now East of Eden to portray the realistic side of the battle of good and evil. Many will argue that he does not have a very clear goal for presenting this idea including, John Fontenrose, in his literary criticism, â€Å"John Steinbeck: An Introduction and Interpretation† but it is quite the opposite. In John Steinbeck’s book, East of Eden, The stories of the Hamilton and Trask families get intertwined along with many other people as the theme of good and evil unfolds on them on farmland in both Salinas, California and in Connecticut.Towards the beginning of the book the good characters, Alice and Adam and the bad characters, Cyrus and Charles are clear to the reader but as the novel progresses the concept of â€Å"timshel† is introduced which redefines the concept of predestination versus free will and changes the course of each character’s limitations for better and for worse. In East of Eden Steinbeck is not unclear on his position of good and evil, rather he puts forward the way this mindset has changed over time and gives his own methodology on how the struggle of good and evil should be thought of.Often times Steinbeck shows the realism in this book with many archetypes that are not perfect and alter from time to time. This makes it hard for some people to understand his reasoning like, John Fontenrose, as he neglect s this concept when he states that the author is, â€Å"never clear about the relation of good to evil in this novel† (Fontenrose). Steinbeck purposefully creates this view so that the appearance of progression in his archetypes is shown when free will is added to his characters. In the late beginning of the book, Charles beats his brother, Adam, almost to death because of jealousy over his father’s love.It is an almost perfect allusion to the biblical story of Cain and Abel which represents an ever occurring theme throughout the book. In fact this represents one of the first introductions towards realism in the novel because these horrible events are a part of life, that of which Steinbeck does not wish to cover up. Instead of hiding them Steinbeck shows them in detail to carry the notion that the concepts of good and evil are not concrete but are situational and objective. While Charles thought he was being just, Adam most certainly did not.In part three of the book Steinbeck introduces the concept of â€Å"timshel† as discovered by Adam’s servant Lee and its many different translations, â€Å"‘Thou shalt,’ meaning that men will surely triumph over sin. But the Hebrew word timshel- ‘Thou mayest’-that gives a choice. Why, that makes a man great, †¦ for in his weakness and his filth and his murder of his brother he still has the great choice† (Steinbeck 301-302) He attempts to convince Adam and Cal of the validity of timshel and ultimately succeeds, as Adam gives Cal his blessing and Cal realizes he himself has the power to overcome his family’s legacy of evil.With the concept of Timshel, Steinbeck is not accurate, â€Å"translating the verb form timshol (not timshel as Steinbeck has it)† (Fontenrose). Steinbeck makes an almost unnoticeable symbol in the fact that the concept of â€Å"timshel or timshol† is not perfect, as shown with an incorrect translation. He proves this by having many things in the novel chosen and some not chosen, therefore not perfect free will. This is further proven by the fact that Charles in the beginning fills the Cain archetype but as timshel is introduced the archetype continues and Cal is given the freedom to break away from this destiny of Evil.Although Cal breaks free he is still partly held down by his archetype and therefore achieves balance between both good and evil. Steinbeck continues with this enigma using Cal again, having a C in his name and his assault on his brother Aron, shows his connection to Cain. Although he was not a good person, he wanted to become better which makes him superior to his brother Aron in the eyes of Steinbeck. As John Fontenrose put it â€Å"Good is identified both with admirable individual qualities and with conventional moral goodness† and with Cal â€Å"the author appears to accept Cal's label of bad for his adolescent desires and impulses. (Fontenrose 4) Steinbeck presents pr ogression by making the outcome of Cal and Aron less severe than that of Adam and Charles. Although characters in East of Eden, more often than not, are pushed to expel evil forces from themselves and pertain towards good traits, the line is much more blurred. This is most prominently seen in Cal, who, although fitting under the archetype of the biblical Cain, still strives towards good character, as seen in this passage, where he offers Aron a business opportunity after college. ‘I’ll get started and lay the foundation. Then when you finish we can be partners. I’ll have one kind of thing and you’ll have another’† (Steinbeck 536). Cal does also stir towards negative characteristics, particularly when he expresses the truth of their mother to Aron. Aron slowly becomes more and more pure as the book continues which eventually becomes his fault of being too good and not being able to deal with the evils of the world.Cal struggles with the human d esires towards good and bad, growing out of the Cain archetype and fleshing out into perhaps the most equal character in the book, neither choosing to neither reject the bad completely nor embrace the good completely. Cal breaks the notion of inherent good or evil archetypes and brings forth the realism concept of timshel. The narrator sums this up with many concepts while waxing on the perceptiveness of forces. â€Å"Some forces seem evil to us, perhaps not in themselves but because their tendency is to eliminate the things we hold well† (Steinbeck 131).The piece continues with the argument that â€Å"good and evil are relative terms†, more specifically in that Steinbeck appears to show Cal as bad when his action are of an adolescent nature and sees Aron as good when his actions reflect extreme self-indulgences. The characters are by no means clear cut in their morals; in fact, nearly every character is obscured as to whether they are altogether good or bad. By no mea ns was a fault of Steinbeck’s, rather it was an intentional move meant to portray the diverse and human characters which inhabit the story.Even when describing the changing scenery of the Salinas Valley, the character’s muddled human condition is reflected. When discussing the new church and sects which are appearing, the narrator says, â€Å"They were not pure, but they had a potential of purity, like a soiled white shirt. And any man could make something pretty fine of it within himself† (Steinbeck 217). Although the object of discussion is actually a church, the resemblance of character to the morally conflicted characters that inhabit the novel is difficult to ignore.Fontenrose’s reasons follow similar patterns, with statements such as â€Å"Good and evil are complementary† and â€Å"evil is the source of good and may even be necessary to good† essentially coming down to evil and good being necessary for the other to exist (Fontenrose 4) . Although Fontenrose is overall incorrect in his claim that good and bad have no relation in the novel, in this claim it is necessary to agree, if only because such broad terms are used. The claims which Fontenrose makes almost seem to undermine his own argument; as they do essentially prove that there are clear relations between good and evil within the novel.Overall, Steinbeck is quite distinct in his defining of morality, in which the polar opposites of good and evil coexist in such a manner that each individual has a right of choosing their path, defined by the ever-present phrase, timshel. This gives some characters the ability to gain the ideal balanced morality, not all evil and not all good. As we look deeper into the novel we see that through the many different concepts and understandings of good versus evil, Steinbeck lays down his system of how good and evil are actually perceived.

Protocol numbers Essay

Protocol numbers are used to configure firewalls, routers, and proxy servers. In Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4, Request for Comments [RFC] 791I), the protocol number can be found in the Protocol field of an IP header.ICMP Echos are used mostly for troubleshooting. When there are 2 hosts which have communication problems, a few simple ICMP Echo requests will show if the 2 hosts have their TCP/IP stacks configured correctly and if there are any problems with the routes packets are taking in order to get to the other side ICMP Echo Information Type Name Reference Echo Reply [RFC792] Codes No Code 1 Unassigned [JBP] 2 Unassigned [JBP] 3 Destination Unreachable [RFC792] Codes 0 Net Unreachable 1 Host Unreachable 2 Protocol Unreachable 3 Port Unreachable 4 Fragmentation Needed and Don’t Fragment was Set 5 Source Route Failed 6 Destination Network Unknown 7 Destination Host Unknown 8 Source Host Isolated 9 Communication with Destination Network is  Administratively Prohibited 10 Communication with Destination Host is  Administratively Prohibited 11 Destination Network Unreachable for Type of Service 12 Destination Host Unreachable for Type of Service 13 Communication Administratively Prohibited [RFC1812] 14 Host Precedence Violation [RFC1812] 15 Precedence cutoff in effect [RFC1812] 4 Source Quench [RFC792] Codes No Code 5 Redirect [RFC792] Codes Redirect Datagram for the Network (or subnet) 1 Redirect Datagram for the Host 2 Redirect Datagram for the Type of Service and Network 3 Redirect Datagram for the Type of Service and Host 6 Alternate Host Address [JBP] Codes Alternate Address for Host 7 Unassigned [JBP] 8 Echo [RFC792] Codes No Code 9 Router Advertisement [RFC1256] Codes 0 No Code 10 Router Selection [RFC1256] Codes 0 No Code 11 Time Exceeded [RFC792] Codes 0 Time to Live exceeded in Transit 1 Fragment Reassembly Time Exceeded 12 Parameter Problem [RFC792] Codes 0 Pointer indicates the error 1 Missing a Required Option [RFC1108] 2 Bad Length 13 Timestamp [RFC792] Codes 0 No Code 14 Timestamp Reply [RFC792] Codes 0 No Code 15 Information Request [RFC792] Codes 0 No Code 16 Information Reply [RFC792] Codes 0 No Code 17 Address Mask Request [RFC950] Codes 0 No Code 18 Address Mask Reply [RFC950] Codes 1 No Code PORT NUMBERS Service names are assigned on a first-come, first-served process, as documented in [RFC6335]. Port numbers are assigned in various ways, based on three ranges: System Ports (0-1023), User Ports (1024-49151), and the Dynamic and/or Private Ports (49152-65535); the difference uses of these ranges is described in [RFC6335]. System Ports are assigned by IETF process for standards-track protocols, as per [RFC6335]. User Ports are assigned by IANA using the â€Å"IETF Review† process, the â€Å"IESG Approval† process, or the â€Å"Expert Review† process, as per  [RFC6335]. Dynamic Ports are not assigned. The registration procedures for service names and port numbers are described in [RFC6335]. Assigned ports both System and User ports SHOULD NOT be used without or prior to IANA registration.